Working Principle of Ultrasonic Water Meters

1. Core Components of Ultrasonic Water Meters

An ultrasonic water meter consists of a pair of ultrasonic transducers: one for transmitting ultrasonic waves and the other for receiving them. The transducers are mounted on either side of the pipe, forming a propagation path at a specific angle (usually 45°).

The propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves in a stationary fluid is c. When there is water flow, the velocity of ultrasonic waves propagating downstream increases, while the velocity of ultrasonic waves propagating upstream decreases. A high-precision timing chip measures the downstream time t1 and the upstream time t2. The time difference Δt between the two is proportional to the water velocity v.

3. Flow Calculation of Ultrasonic Water Meters

Based on the pipe diameter d, the propagation distance l, and the time difference Δt, the water velocity v is calculated using the formula. Combined with the pipe cross-sectional area S, the flow rate Q = v × S is calculated. To reduce nonlinear errors, some water meters incorporate a correction factor k for compensation.

4. Advantages of Ultrasonic Water Meters

No moving parts, wear resistance, and long life.

Straight-through pipe design eliminates the risk of clogging and minimizes pressure loss.

Capable of detecting low flow rates, adapting to gradient water metering.

Supports remote meter reading and intelligent management, with low energy consumption.

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